Comparison of Oral Health and Salivary Biomarkers in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and Healthy Individuals.

AIM: This study examines the effects of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) on the oral health and detectability of inflammatory biomarkers IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the saliva of children with JIA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study included 117 participants (39 patients with JIA and 78 systemically healthy subjects aged 8-12 years). Demographic data, responses to an oral health-related questionnaire, saliva samples, periodontal parameters [plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP)] and dental recordings [facial profile (FP) and dental occlusion relationship (DOR)] were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the levels of salivary IL-17, TNF-α and TAS. RESULTS: The Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) index, FP and DOR distributions did not change between groups (P > 0.05). JIA patients had more temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort than gingivitis patients and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). JIA patients had greater salivary IL-17 levels than healthy subjects (P < 0.05). The healthy group's TAS was higher than that of the JIA and gingivitis groups (P < 0.05). Saliva TNF-α levels were similar between groups (P > 0.05). PI, GI, BOP and TNF-α were positively associated with salivary IL-17 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Elevated salivary IL-17 and TAS levels could be used as biological markers for discriminating the clinical health status of children with JIA and gingivitis.

Osteocalcin and cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in gingival crevicular fluid during piezocision accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: A randomized split-mouth study.

Background: Piezocision, a minimally invasive surgical procedure, has been used to accelerate tooth movement'' is appropriate as a background to the abstract section. Aim: The aim of this randomized split-mouth study was to evaluate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) osteocalcin (OC) and type I collagen cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide (ICTP) levels during canine distalization with and without piezocision acceleration. Material and Methods: Fifteen systemically healthy subjects (M:F 7:8, 16.27 ± 1.14 years) requiring extraction of maxillary first premolars before retraction of canines were included in the study. Piezocisions were randomly carried out on one of the maxillary canines while bilateral canines served as controls. Canine distalization was conducted using closed-coil springs applying a force of 150 g/side by using miniscrews as anchorage. GCF sampling was performed from maxillary canine mesial and distal sites at baseline, 1, 7, 14, and 28 days. The GCF levels of OC and ICTP were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The rate of tooth movement was evaluated at 2-week intervals. Results: The amounts of canine distalization from baseline to 14 and 28 days in the piezocision group were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). The GCF OC level of the piezocision group on the tension side and the ICTP level of the same group on the compression side were higher than the respective sides of the control group on day 14 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Piezocision was found to be an effective treatment procedure for accelerating canine distalization accompanied by increased levels of OC and ICTP.

The gingival crevicular fluid levels of growth factors in patients with amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Amlodipine, calcium channel blocker (CCB), is used in the management of cardiovascular diseases which causes gingival overgrowth (GO). The growth factors may have a role in the pathogenesis of amlodipine-induced GO. OBJECTIVES: This pilot study aimed to investigate the growth factors including transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of patients with amlodipine-induced GO and compare with of healthy subjects. METHODS: GCF samples were collected from 56 sites presenting GO (GO + group) and from 38 sites not presenting GO (GO- group) of 5 patients using amlodipine for more than one year, and from 45 sites (control group) of 5 healthy subjects. The levels of TGF-b1, PDGF-BB, and bFGF were determined by using ELISA kits. RESULTS: The mean concentration of TGF-b1 in GCF samples of GO + group (9.50 ± 7.30 ng/ml) was higher than both GO- group (2.07 ± 0.50 ng/ml) and control group (2.74 ± 1.01 ng/ml) (P = 0.014). No significant difference was found among the groups in the GCF levels of PDGF-BB (P = 0.767). bFGF was detected in only 33% of the sites from patients. CONCLUSION: These preliminary results suggest that TGF-b1 may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of amlodipine-induced GO.